Biology Archives

ICSE BIOLOGY – 9

Description of each of the chapters from the Class 9 Biology syllabus:

1. Five Kingdom Classification: This chapter deals with the classification of living organisms into five kingdoms based on their characteristics and evolutionary relationships. The kingdoms are Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia.

2. Digestive System: This chapter covers the structure and function of the human digestive system, including organs such as the mouth, stomach, liver, and intestines, and the process of digestion.

3. The Respiratory System: It focuses on the structure and function of the respiratory system, including the lungs, diaphragm, and the process of respiration.

4. Waste Generation and Management: This chapter discusses the various sources of waste generation, the different types of waste, and methods of waste management, including recycling and disposal.

5. Introducing Biology: It provides an overview of the field of biology, including its history, branches, and importance in understanding living organisms.

6. Vegetative Propagation and Micropropagation: This chapter explains the methods of vegetative propagation in plants, such as cutting, layering, and grafting, and introduces the concept of micropropagation or tissue culture.

7. Seeds – Structure and Germination: It covers the structure of seeds and the process of germination, including the factors influencing germination and the role of seeds in plant reproduction.

8. Economic Importance of Bacteria and Fungi: This chapter discusses the beneficial and harmful roles of bacteria and fungi in various industries, agriculture, and human health.

9. Movement and Locomotion: It explains the different types of movement in animals, including muscle contraction, skeletal movement, and locomotion in various animal groups.

10. Diseases – Causes and Controls: This chapter covers the causes, symptoms, and prevention of common diseases in humans, including infectious diseases and lifestyle-related diseases.

11. Aids to Health: It discusses various practices and technologies that contribute to maintaining and improving health, such as hygiene, vaccination, and medical treatment.

12. Cell – The Unit of Life: This chapter introduces the cell as the basic unit of life, including its structure, functions, and types.

13. The Flower, Respiration in Plants, Nutrition: It covers the structure and functions of flowers, the process of respiration in plants, and the various modes of nutrition in plants.

14. Skin : This chapter discusses the structure and functions of the skin, including its role in protection, sensation, and regulation of body temperature.

15. Hygiene: It emphasizes the importance of personal and public hygiene in preventing diseases and maintaining overall health.

16. Health Organizations: This chapter introduces various national and international health organizations and their roles in promoting health and combating diseases.

17. Tissues – Plant and Animal Tissues:** It explains the different types of tissues in plants and animals, their structure, functions, and importance.

18. Pollination and Fertilization: This chapter covers the process of pollination in plants, including the types of pollination and the role of insects and other agents, as well as fertilization in plant reproduction.

Biology – 10

Class 10 Biology Course Summary:

Theme 01: Cell Cycle, Cell Division and Structure of Chromosomes

Cell division: The process of cell reproduction.
Cell cycle: The sequence of events in a cell’s life from division to division.
Phases of mitosis: The stages of cell division, including prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.
Significance of mitosis: Ensures growth, repair, and replacement of cells.
Meiosis: Cell division for sexual reproduction, reducing chromosome number.
Significance of meiosis: Genetic diversity in offspring.
Chromosomes: Thread-like structures containing genetic material.
Structure of chromosomes: Composed of DNA and proteins.
Gene: Segment of DNA carrying genetic information.
DNA and its structure: Double helix with nucleotide building blocks.

Theme 02: Genetics

Variations: Differences in traits among individuals.
Mendel’s contribution: Gregor Mendel’s work on inheritance.
Mendel’s laws of inheritance: Principles governing the transmission of traits.
Traits expression: Genotype and phenotype.
Sex determination in human beings: XX (female) and XY (male) chromosomes.
Sex-linked inheritance: Genes located on sex chromosomes.
Inheritance of diseases: Genetic diseases.

Theme 03: Absorption by Roots

Root system: Plant’s underground organ for water and nutrient uptake.
Absorption of water: Essential for plant survival.
Active and passive transport: Mechanisms for water uptake.
Tonicity and plasmolysis: Osmotic concepts.
Turgidity and flaccidity: Cell pressure states.
Cohesive, adhesive forces, and transpirational pull: Mechanisms for water transport.
Root pressure: Force aiding water movement.

Theme 04: Transpiration

Types of transpiration: Cuticular, stomatal, and lenticular.
Factors affecting transpiration: Light, temperature, humidity, wind, and more.
Adaptations to reduce transpiration: Stomatal closure, reduced leaf surface.
Significance of transpiration: Water transport and cooling.
Advantages and disadvantages of transpiration.
Measurement of transpiration: Techniques.
Direct loss of water by plants.

Theme 05: Photosynthesis

Important events in photosynthesis: Light-dependent and light-independent reactions.
Requirements of photosynthesis: Light, water, carbon dioxide.
Mechanism of photosynthesis: Conversion of light energy into chemical energy.
End-products of photosynthesis: Glucose and oxygen.
Significance of photosynthesis: Basis of life, oxygen production.
Adaptations in leaves for photosynthesis: Chloroplasts.
Factors affecting photosynthesis.

Theme 06: Chemical Coordination in Plants

Tropic movements in plants: Growth responses to stimuli.
Plant growth regulators (hormones): Auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins, abscisic acid, and ethylene.

Theme 07: The Circulatory System

Blood: A vital fluid transporting oxygen and nutrients.
Blood group: ABO and Rh systems.
The heart: A muscular organ pumping blood.
Lymphatic system: Immune system support.

The Excretory System

Types of waste products: Nitrogenous waste.
Excretory organs in the human body: Kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra.
Mechanism of urine formation: Filtration, reabsorption, secretion.
Significance of excretion: Removal of metabolic waste.
Haemodialysis: Artificial kidney.

Theme 9A: The Nervous System

Types of nervous actions: Reflex and voluntary.
Human nervous system: Central (brain and spinal cord) and peripheral (nerves).
Nervous cells: Neurons.

Theme 9B: Sense Organs

Types of sensory receptors: Detect stimuli.
The eyes: Visual sensory organ.
Stereoscopic vision: Depth perception.
Adaptation of the eye: Focusing.
Defects of the eye: Myopia, hypermetropia, and more.
The ears: Auditory sensory organ.

Theme 10: The Endocrine System

Characteristics of hormones: Chemical messengers.
Glands: Secrete hormones.
Human endocrine system: Various glands and their functions.
Homeostasis and hormonal feedback system: Regulation of internal conditions.

Theme 11: The Reproductive System

Asexual reproduction: Reproduction without gametes.
Sexual reproduction: Fusion of gametes.
Sexual reproduction in human beings: Male and female reproductive systems.
Twins: Monozygotic and dizygotic twins.

Theme 12: Population

World population: Global demographics.
Population trend in India: Growth and distribution.
Reasons for unchecked growth of the population: High birth rates.
Population explosion: Rapid population growth.
Consequences of increasing population in India.
Population control: Measures to control population.

Theme 13: Human Evolution

Theory of inheritance of acquired characters: Lamarck’s theory.
Basic postulates of Lamarck’s theory.
Evidence from vestigial organs.
Darwin’s theory of evolution.
Human evolution: Evolutionary history of Homo sapiens.

Theme 14: Pollution

Waste: Environmental pollutants.
Types of environmental pollution: Air, water, soil pollution.
Effects of pollution on climate and environment.
Vehicular standards: Euro/Bharat stages.
Swachh Bharat Abhiyan: Clean India campaign.

ICSE Biology – 7

ICSE Biology Class 7 content are available at ADMIRE to help you keep up your exam scores with timely revision.

Learn about reproduction in plants and animals with the correct diagrams. Score marks in objective-type questions by going through our MCQs. Benefit from elaborate explanations of Biology concepts in our Most Important Questions and get prepared to score high marks in long answer questions. After you are ready, take the ICSE Class 7 Biology practice tests. These assessment tests will guide you by indicating the topics that you are weak in and in which you can improve.

Course Introduction for Class 7 Biology

Welcome to the fascinating world of biology! In this course, we will embark on a journey to explore various aspects of life, from the smallest building blocks to complex systems that keep organisms alive and thriving. Let’s begin our exploration of biology with an overview of the topics we will cover in this class:

1. Tissue:
– Tissues: We’ll start by understanding what tissues are and how they play a crucial role in the functioning of living organisms.
– Plant Tissues: We’ll delve into the different types of tissues found in plants, their functions, and importance in plant life.
– Animal Tissues: Likewise, we’ll explore the diverse types of tissues in animals and their roles in the functioning of the animal body.

2. Kingdom Classification:
– Classification: We will learn about the process of classifying living organisms into different groups based on their characteristics.
– Whittaker’s Five Kingdoms: We’ll examine Whittaker’s five-kingdom classification system, which is a fundamental framework for categorizing living organisms.

3. Plant Life:
– Autotrophic Mode of Nutrition: Discover how plants make their food through photosynthesis and their unique relationship with the environment.
– Respiration in Plants: Explore how plants respire and the significance of this process in their growth and survival.
– Plant More Trees: Understand the vital role of trees and plants in maintaining ecological balance and how you can contribute to this effort.

4. Human Excretory System:
– Excretion: Learn about the process of excretion and why it is essential for maintaining a healthy body.
– Urinary System of Man: Explore the human urinary system, including the kidneys, bladder, and associated structures.
– Structure of Kidney: Dive into the intricate details of the kidney’s structure and its function in filtering waste products from the blood.
– Other Excretory Organs: Understand that the human body has additional excretory organs, and we’ll discuss their roles.
– Some Common Disorders of the Urinary System: Discover common urinary system disorders and their effects on health.

5. Human Nervous System:
– Human Nervous System: Explore the incredible complexity of the human nervous system, including the brain, spinal cord, and nerves, and how it controls body functions and behaviors.

6. Health & Hygiene:
– Allergy: Learn about allergies, their causes, and how they affect individuals.
– Allergens: Understand what allergens are and where they can be found in our environment.
– Symptoms of Allergic Reactions: Explore the signs and symptoms of allergic reactions in the body.
– Types of Allergies: Delve into different types of allergies and their specific triggers.
– Prevention of Allergies: Discover methods to prevent and manage allergies for a healthier and more comfortable life.

This course will provide you with a comprehensive understanding of these fundamental biological concepts, and we hope it sparks your curiosity and encourages you to explore the incredible world of living organisms. Enjoy your journey through the world of biology!

In addition, our study portal has a ‘Question and Answer’ section where you can find answers to doubts posted by other ICSE Class 6 students. You can even ask for exam writing tips from experts on our e-learning portal and prepare to score more in your Biology exams.

ICSE Biology – 6

ICSE Biology Class 6 content are available at ADMIRE to help you keep up your exam scores with timely revision.

Learn about reproduction in plants and animals with the correct diagrams. Score marks in objective-type questions by going through our MCQs. Benefit from elaborate explanations of Biology concepts in our Most Important Questions and get prepared to score high marks in long answer questions. After you are ready, take the ICSE Class 6 Biology practice tests. These assessment tests will guide you by indicating the topics that you are weak in and in which you can improve.

Certainly! Here’s a course introduction for Class 6 Biology covering the mentioned topics:

Course Introduction: Discovering Life – From Plants to Health

Welcome to the exciting world of biology! In this course, we will embark on a journey to explore the wonders of life, from the smallest units of living organisms to the complexities of human health. We’ll unravel the mysteries of the natural world and delve into the fascinating details of various biological processes.

Module 1: Plant Life
– Leaf: Our journey begins with the leaf, where we’ll learn about its structure, function, and its role in the life of a plant.
– Flower: Explore the beauty and significance of flowers and how they are vital for plant reproduction.
– Pollination in Flowers: Dive into the intriguing process of pollination, where plants ensure their continued existence.
– Fertilization: Understand the crucial step of fertilization, where new life begins.
– Fruit: Discover the importance of fruits in seed dispersal and the growth of new plants.
– Seeds: Uncover the secrets hidden within seeds and how they give rise to new life.

Module 2: The Cell
– Cell – The Basic Unit of Life:* Learn that the cell is the building block of all living organisms.
– Cell – Shape, Size, and Structure:* Explore the diversity of cell shapes and sizes, and understand their structures in detail.

Module 3: The Digestive System
– Basic Steps of Holozoic Nutrition: Understand the fundamental processes involved in the nutrition of animals.
– Human Digestive System: Explore the complex system that breaks down food, extracts nutrients, and eliminates waste.
– Alimentary Canal: Discover the path food takes through the digestive system and its various components.
– Absorption and Assimilation: Learn how the body absorbs and utilizes nutrients from food.
– Large Intestine and Egestion: Explore the role of the large intestine in waste management.
– Good Food Habits: Emphasize the importance of healthy eating habits for overall well-being.

Module 4: The Respiratory System
– Types of Respiration: Delve into the different types of respiration and their significance.
– Human Respiratory System: Explore the complex system that enables us to breathe.
– Inspiration and Expiration: Understand the mechanisms behind inhaling and exhaling.
– Common Respiratory Diseases: Learn about the diseases that can affect the respiratory system and their prevention.

Module 5: The Circulatory System
– Human Circulatory System: Explore the intricate network of blood vessels and the vital role of the circulatory system.
– Parts of the Circulatory System: Learn about the components that ensure the circulation of blood.
– Human Heart: Discover the heart’s functions and structure.
– Keeping the Heart Healthy: Understand the importance of heart health and ways to maintain it.

Module 6: Health & Hygiene
– Disease and Its Types: Explore the concept of disease and its various forms.
– Communicable Diseases: Learn about diseases that can be transmitted from one person to another.
– Transmission of Diseases: Understand how diseases are spread and how to prevent them.
– Non-Communicable Diseases: Discover diseases that are not contagious but can still be a health concern.
– Prevention of Diseases: Highlight the importance of disease prevention for a healthy life.

Module 7: Habitat and Adaptations: Finally, explore how living organisms adapt to their habitats to survive and thrive in diverse environments.

Get ready to dive into the world of biology, where you’ll gain a deeper understanding of life, from plants to human health and the intricate processes that make it all possible.

ICSE Biology – 8

ICSE Biology Class 8 content are available at ADMIRE to help you keep up your exam scores with timely revision.

Learn about reproduction in plants and animals with the correct diagrams. Score marks in objective-type questions by going through our MCQs. Benefit from elaborate explanations of Biology concepts in our Most Important Questions and get prepared to score high marks in long answer questions. After you are ready, take the ICSE Class 8 Biology practice tests. These assessment tests will guide you by indicating the topics that you are weak in and in which you can improve.

Course Introduction for Class 8 Biology

Welcome to the captivating world of biology, where we will explore a wide range of topics that dive deep into the natural world, from the smallest organisms to complex ecosystems. Let’s embark on this fascinating journey, and here’s a glimpse of what we will cover in this class:

1. Transport of Food and Minerals in Plants:
– Explore how plants absorb water and minerals, and the intricate processes involved in absorption.
– Learn about the conduction of water and minerals within plants, leading to the ascent of sap.
– Understand the transportation system in plants and their nutrient requirements.

2. Reproduction in Plants:
– Discover the various methods of reproduction in plants, including asexual and sexual.
– Delve into vegetative reproduction, both natural and artificial, and understand their advantages and disadvantages.
– Learn about sexual reproduction in flowering plants, involving pollination, fertilization, and the formation of seeds and fruits.

3. Reproduction in Animals:
– Explore asexual and sexual reproduction in animals, and understand the different strategies used in the animal kingdom.
– Examine the fascinating process of reproduction in humans.

4. Ecosystem:
– Uncover the intricate world of ecosystems, understanding their components and the interdependence between organisms.
– Explore the socio-cultural environment and its impact on ecosystems, with a special focus on forests.

5. Endocrine System:
– Learn about the glands in the human body and their role in regulating various bodily functions.
– Explore the human endocrine system, including the changes that occur during adolescence.

6. Circulatory System:
– Discover the circulatory system and the role of blood, the human heart, and blood vessels in transporting vital substances throughout the body.
– Understand blood circulation, blood pressure, heartbeat, and pulse, and learn about common heart disorders and the lymphatic system.

7. Nervous System:
– Explore different types of coordination in the body and the nervous system’s role as the body’s control center.
– Dive into the components of the nervous system, including the central nervous system (CNS), reflex actions, and the peripheral nervous system.

8. Health & Hygiene:
– Learn about diseases, how they are transmitted, and methods for disease prevention.
– Understand the harmful effects of certain substances and gain essential knowledge about first aid.

9. Food Production and Management:
– Discover the role of bacteria and fungi in the food industry and their importance in food production.
– Explore agriculture, crop classification, organic farming, horticulture, and the significance of useful plants and animals.

This course will take you on a comprehensive journey through the fascinating world of biology, from the processes that keep plants and animals thriving to the intricate systems that govern our bodies and the ecosystems that surround us. Get ready to dive into the diverse and interconnected world of biology!

In addition, our study portal has a ‘Question and Answer’ section where you can find answers to doubts posted by other ICSE Class 8 students. You can even ask for exam writing tips from experts on our e-learning portal and prepare to score more in your Biology exams.